2018年中国4省脱粒小麦中9种真菌毒素污染情况调查
目的 调查2018年湖北、安徽、江苏和河北4省脱粒小麦中5种镰刀菌毒素和4种黄曲霉毒素(aflatoxins, AFs)的污染情况。方法 从4省采集2018年5~6月收获的脱粒小麦371份, 经乙腈-水(84: 16, V: V)提取、Mycosep 226多功能净化柱净化后, 采用高效液相色谱串联质谱同时测定样品中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol, DON)、3-乙酰基-DON(3-acetyl-DON, 3-Ac-DON)、15-乙酰基-DON(15-acetyl-DON, 15-Ac-DON)、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(nivalenol, NIV)、玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone, ZEN)和4种AF, 共9种毒素的含量, 采用Spearman相关性分析确定各种毒素之间的相关性。结果 4省脱粒小麦受多种镰刀菌毒素, 尤其是DON的污染较为严重, 而AF污染相对较轻。DON的检出率最高, 为90.3%, 阳性样品中DON平均污染水平为2706.3 μg/kg, 45.3%样品DON的含量超过国家限量标准1000 μg/kg; 4种AF的检出率和平均污染水平均较低, 其中AFB1和AFB2的检出率最高, 均为3.2%, 2份样品AFB1含量超过国家限量标准5 μg/kg, 仅1份样品检出AFG2, 所有样品均未检出AFG1。从地区来看, 湖北省脱粒小麦中各毒素污染最严重, 尤其是DON, 其检出率和平均污染水平分别为100%和6314.9 μg/kg; 江苏省样品中ZEN的平均污染水平为1971.2 μg/kg, 远高于其它省份。Spearman相关性分析表明, 5种镰刀菌毒素的污染具有显著相关性, DON与已检出的3种AF及3种AF间的污染相关性均较弱或无显著相关性。结论 4省脱粒小麦受5种镰刀菌毒素的污染较为严重且具有显著相关性。污染程度为湖北>安徽>江苏>河北。因此, 有必要对4省脱粒小麦中多种毒素的协同污染情况进行持续监测。
Objective To investigate the contamination situation of 5 Fusarium toxins and 4 aflatoxins (AFs) in wheat kernel samples collected from Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu and Hebei provinces in 2018. Methods A total of 371 wheat kernel samples harvested in May and June, 2018 from the 4 provinces were collected. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile-water(84: 16, V: V), cleaned up by Mycosep 226 multi-functional purification column, and then 9 toxins including deoxynivalenol(DON), 3-acetyl-DON(3-Ac-DON), 15-acetyl-DON(15-Ac-DON), nivalenol (NIV), zearalenone (ZEN) and 4 AFs were determined by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between varied toxins. Results The wheat kernel samples from the 4 provinces were heavily contaminated by Fusarium toxins, especially DON, while the contaminations of AFs were relatively light. DON was with the highest detection rate, 90.3% and the average contamination level of DON in positive samples was 2706.3 μg/kg. The content of DON in 45.3% of the samples exceeded the national limit standard of 1000 μg/kg. All the detection rates and the average contamination levels of the 4 AFs were low, among which AFB1 and AFB2 had the highest detection rate of 3.2%. Two samples were with AFB1 higher than national limit standard 5 μg/kg, and AFG2 was only detected in 1 sample, while AFG1 was not detected in all samples. In terms of region, the contamination of Hubei was most seriously, especially DON, the detection rate and average contamination level of which were 100% and 6314.9 μg/kg. The average contamination level of ZEN from Jiangsu was 1971.2 μg/kg, which was the highest and more higher than that in other provinces. The natural contaminationsof 5 Fusarium toxins were in significant correlation from Spearman's correlation analysis, while no significant correlation was found between DON and AF, or among 3 detected AFs. Conclusion The wheat kernel samples from Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, and Hebei are seriously contaminated by 5 Fusarium toxins with significant correlations among their natural contaminations. The degree of pollution is Hubei> Anhui>Jiangsu>Hebei. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the synergistic contamination of multiple toxins in wheat kernel samples from the 4 provinces continuously.
标题：2018年中国4省脱粒小麦中9种真菌毒素污染情况调查
英文标题：Investigation on contamination situation of 9 mycotoxins in wheat kernel from 4 provinces of China in 2018
作者：
程天笑 北京工业大学,生命科学与生物工程学院,北京市环境与病毒肿瘤学重点实验室；国家食品安全风险评估中心卫生部食品安全风险评估重点实验室
韩小敏 国家食品安全风险评估中心卫生部食品安全风险评估重点实验室
王硕 北京市朝阳区疾病预防控制中心
徐文静 国家食品安全风险评估中心卫生部食品安全风险评估重点实验室
彭雪菲 北京农学院食品科学与工程学院
李凤琴 国家食品安全风险评估中心卫生部食品安全风险评估重点实验室
胡利明 北京工业大学,生命科学与生物工程学院,北京市环境与病毒肿瘤学重点实验室
中文关键词:脱粒小麦,真菌毒素,高效液相色谱-串联质谱法,协同测定,
英文关键词:wheat kernel,mycotoxin,high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry,synergistic detection,
发表日期：2020-02-28
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