湖南地区5种常见食用菌的营养成分分析
目的 对湖南地区常见的5种食用菌中所含基本营养成分、矿物质元素、氨基酸及脂肪酸的含量进行检测和分析。方法 依据国家标准方法, 采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪、电感耦合等离子体质谱仪、全自动氨基酸分析仪等进行成分分析。结果 5种食用菌在营养成分上存在一定的差异, 其水分含量为86.0~92.8 g/100 g, 蛋白质含量为2.3~3.8 g/100 g, 脂肪含量为0.2~0.5 g/100 g, 膳食纤维含量为2.1~4.1 g/100 g, 灰分含量为0.6~1.0 g/100 g, 5种食用菌均富含钾和磷, 香菇富含铁、锌、锰, 双孢菇富含钙、铁、铜。杏鲍菇的必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值高于其他4种食用菌。5种食用菌中脂肪酸以亚油酸为主, 其中金针菇同时含有亚油酸和α-亚麻酸2种必需脂肪酸。结论 5种食用菌可视为高蛋白低脂肪、高钾低钠食物, 在营养价值方面各具优势, 为人们更合理科学的使用食用菌提供参考依据。
Objective To detect and analyze the content of basic nutrients, mineral elements, amino acids and fatty acids in 5 kinds of common edible mushrooms in Hunan province. Methods According to the national standard methods, the nutrients were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and amino acid automatic analyzer. Results There were certain difference among 5 kinds of edible mushrooms. The content of moisture, protein, fat, dietary fiber and ash in 5 kinds of edible mushrooms were 86.0-92.8 g/100 g, 2.3-3.8 g/100 g, 0.2-0.5 g/100 g, 2.1-4.1 g/100 g and 0.6-1.0 g/100 g, respectively. The 5 kinds of edible mushrooms were rich in potassium and phosphorus. Lentinus edodes was rich in iron, zinc and manganese. Agaricus bisporus was rich in calcium, iron and copper. The ratio of essential amino acid to non-essential amino acid of Pleurotus eryngii was higher than that of the other 4 edible mushrooms. Linoleic acid was the main fatty acid in the 5 kinds of edible mushrooms. Flammulina velutipes contained 2 essential fatty acids, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid. Conclusion Five kinds of edible mushrooms can be regarded as high-protein, low-fat, high-potassium and low-sodium food, with their own advantages in nutritional value, which provides reference for people to use edible mushrooms more reasonably and scientifically.
标题：湖南地区5种常见食用菌的营养成分分析
英文标题：Analysis of nutritional components in 5 kinds of common edible mushrooms from Hunan province
作者：
周丽平 湖南省疾病预防控制中心
袁春晖 湖南省疾病预防控制中心
李轶 湖南省疾病预防控制中心
杨静玥 湖南省疾病预防控制中心
左家信 湖南省疾病预防控制中心
冯家力 湖南省疾病预防控制中心
中文关键词:食用菌,营养,氨基酸分析,脂肪酸分析,
英文关键词:edible mushrooms,nutrition,amino acid analysis,fatty acid analysis,
发表日期：2019-02-22
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