电热水器负荷参与一次调频下考虑机组最小调频容量约束的优化调度
摘要：大规模新能源发电机组并网替代了部分常规火电机组，致使当前确定的一次调频备用容量无法满足系统发生大扰动下的充分性要求。随着智能电网的发展，以电热水器为代表的需求侧响应资源是极佳的调频备用，利用补偿机制刺激其积极参与系统一次调频，并构造了计及系统惯性、调速器爬坡率、调频死区和电热水器负荷的一次调频动态响应模型，形成机组最小一次调频容量的约束条件。在考虑机组一次调频容量安全约束前提下，将一次调频辅助服务成本纳入系统运行成本中来，以运行成本最小构建目标函数并利用Matlab-Yalmip-Cplex进行优化求解。最后基于改进型的IEEE-30节点标准测试系统算例验证所提模型的有效性和安全性，也验证了电热水器负荷能在频率事故初期快速响应，有效降低频率偏差。
Abstract:At present the determinate reserve capacity of primary frequency control (abbr. PFC) cannot satisfy the requirement of the sufficiency under large disturbance of power grid because the grid-connection of large scale new energy generating units replaces partial of conventional thermal power generating units. Along with the development of smart power grid, the demand side response resource represented by the electric water heater (abbr. EWH) is an excellent frequency regulation reserve, and by use of compensation mechanism the EWH can be stimulated to participate in the PFC. A dynamic response model of primary frequency regulation, in which the system inertia, the ramp rate of governor, the dead zone of frequency regulation and the load of EWH were taken into account, was constructed to form the constraint of the minimum PFC capacity for the unit. In the premise of considering the security constraint of PFC capacity the cost of ancillary services of PFC was brought into the operating cost of the system, and the objective function was constructed by the minimum operating cost and solved by Matlab-Yalmip-Cplex. Finally, the effectiveness and security of the constructed model were verified by the computing example based on the modified IEEE 30-bus standard test system. It is also verified that the EWH load can quickly respond in the early stage of frequency accident and effectively reduce the frequency deviation.
标题：电热水器负荷参与一次调频下考虑机组最小调频容量约束的优化调度
英文标题：Optimal Dispatching Under Electric Water Heaters Participating in Primary Frequency Control and Considering Minimum Frequency Regulation Capacity Constraint of Generation Units
作者：叶婧, 武汉, 李世春, 杨莉, 徐鸣,
关键词：需求侧响应, 电热水器负荷, 动态响应, 调频辅助服务, 补偿机制, 一次调频容量,
发表日期：2023-06-10
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