文档名：大电流真空电弧中阳极熔化过程的实验与仿真研究
摘要：大电流真空开断过程中,阳极触头在电弧作用下的熔化过程极大地影响着开断结果.目前对阳极熔化的研究集中于铜及铜基合金,所涉及的材料热特性参数较为局限.为了在更大物性参数范围下剖析阳极熔化机理,该文对W、Mo、Cr、Fe四种材料开展了阳极熔化实验研究,同时建立电弧磁流体动力学模型及阳极传热模型对熔化过程进行仿真模拟.结果表明,在固定阴极为Cu的大电流燃弧实验中,四种阳极材料的临界熔化电流分别为14.0、11.9、8.6、7.5kA;在阳极热过程模拟中,确定了阳极输入能流密度的空间与时间分布,并得到了阳极表面温度.四种材料的阳极最高温度均出现在燃弧时刻7.0ms附近,临界电流下计算得到的阳极最高温度与相应材料熔点误差小于150K.
Abstract：Vacuuminterruptersarewidelyusedinthemediumvoltagelevelsystemwiththeexcellentinterruptioncapability,simplestructureandlowmaintenancecost.Moreover,developingvacuuminterruptiontotransmissionvoltagelevelisanidealmethodtoreplacethegreenhousegasSF6towardsthedual-carbontarget.Breakingcapacityisthecoretechnologyofthecircuitbreaker,thedevelopmentofvacuumbreakingtechnologyneedstobebasedonanin-depthunderstandingofitsbreakingmechanism.Inhighcurrentvacuuminterruptionprocess,theanodemeltingprocessundervacuumarcgreatlyaffectsthevacuuminterruptionresults.Theprocessofmeltinganddestructionofanodesunderthehighcurrentvacuumarchasbeenafocusofresearchoverthedecades.However,thepreviousresearchontheanodemeltingmainlyfocusedoncopperandcopper-basedalloys,andtherelevantmaterialthermalparametersarerelativelylimited.Inordertounderstandtheanodemeltingmechanisminawiderrangeofphysicalparameters,thisworkconductedtheexperimentsontheanodemeltingofW,Mo,CrandFe.Theobjectiveofthisstudyistoobtaintheinfluenceoftheanodematerialontheanodemelting,therefore,toeliminatetheinterferenceofthearcevolution,thecathodematerialissetasCuforthefourinvestigateanodemetals.Intheexperiments,thecurrentisappliedfromlowcurrenttohighcurrentwithanintervalof1.5kA.Ahighspeedcameraisusedtorecordtheanodeactivityunderdifferentarccurrent.TheexperimentalresultsshowthatthecorrespondingthresholdmeltingcurrentforW,Mo,CrandFeare14.0kA,11.9kA,8.6kAand7.5kA,respectively.Thefirstmeltingofthefourmetalsoccurredatthearcingtimeofabout6.5～7.0ms.Besidestheexperiments,thisworknumericallystudytheanodemelting.Atwotemperaturemagneto-hydrodynamicmodelisusedtodescribethevacuumarcwithadevelopedcathodeboundary.Thearcplasmaparameterscouldbeobtainedinthearc,suchastheparticledensity,temperature,velocityandsoon.Ananodesheathisconsideredbetweenthearccolumnandtheanode.Thespatialandtemporaldistributionoftheheatfluxdensitydeliveredtotheanodeiscalculated.Theanodeinputheatisdominatedbyelectronenergy,spatiallydistributedasanexponentialfunction,andtemporallyvaryingwitharccurrent.Anenthalpyequationisusedtodescribetheanodethermalprocess.Undertheheatsourceoftheinputheatfluxbyarccolumn,theanodetemperatureiscalculatedduringthearcingtime.Theresultsshowthatanodetemperaturefirstincreasesrapidlyandthendecreasesslowly.Thehighesttemperatureofthefourmetalsoccursaroundthearcingtimeof7.0ms.Theanodethermalprocessismainlyinfluencebytheheatconductivity,densityandspecificheatcapacityoftheanodemetals.Thesimulationresultseffectivelyverifytheexperimentalresults,andtheerrorbetweenthemaximumtemperaturevaluecalculatedunderthecriticalcurrentandthemeltingpointofthecorrespondingmaterialislessthan150K.Theresultsofthisworkclarifytheinfluenceofanodematerialsontheanodemeltingunderalargerrangeofphysicalparameters,whichishelpfulforanin-depthunderstandingofthecontactmeltingmechanismandprovidesabasisforcontactmaterialselectionanddevelopmentinvacuumswitches.
作者：张在秦 刘志远 王闯 耿英三 王建华 Author：ZhangZaiqin LiuZhiyuan WangChuang GengYingsan WangJianhua
作者单位：西安理工大学电气工程学院西安710048电工材料电气绝缘全国重点实验室(西安交通大学)西安710049
刊名：电工技术学报
Journal：TransactionsofChinaElectrotechnicalSociety
年，卷(期)：2024, 39(7)
分类号：TM561.2
关键词：大电流真空电弧 触头熔化 阳极材料 磁流体动力学仿真
Keywords：Highcurrentvacuumarc contacterosion anodematerial magneto-hydrodynamicsimulation
机标分类号：TM561.2TM911.4TH142.2
在线出版日期：2024年4月12日
基金项目：国家自然科学基金，国家重点研发计划，陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目大电流真空电弧中阳极熔化过程的实验与仿真研究[
期刊论文] 电工技术学报--2024, 39(7)张在秦 刘志远 王闯 耿英三 王建华大电流真空开断过程中,阳极触头在电弧作用下的熔化过程极大地影响着开断结果.目前对阳极熔化的研究集中于铜及铜基合金,所涉及的材料热特性参数较为局限.为了在更大物性参数范围下剖析阳极熔化机理,该文对W、Mo、Cr、Fe...参考文献和引证文献
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