文档名：戴济与近代油漆化工教育及实践
摘要：近代以来,随着西方科学知识传入和大规模的技术转移,诸多行业和技术都呈现出"二元结构"的局面:一方面是传统手工技术和行业文化的传承、维系;另一方面是新知识、新技术带动工业技术兴起,逐渐对原有社会结构和技术体系产生深刻影响.20世纪初期,随着西方现代化和油漆工业迅速发展,中国传统油漆技术应用及原料受到世界局势影响,发展油漆工业成为历史必然.本文以首批庚款留美学生戴济留美及归国后主要学术及社会活动为个案,梳理其在引进并推动近代油漆化工高等教育发展及本土化、促进中美油漆化工领域科技交流、推动国内油漆工业发展等方面的主要贡献,弥补了学界以往对戴济及油漆化工领域技术转移史研究的不足.油漆教育及工业发展改变了中国近代对油漆产品需求的进口依赖局面,一定程度上满足了中国近代工业需求,为钢铁、铁路、船舶等重工业发展,以及近代民众家居生活方式的改变提供了必备的新型装饰涂料,也较好推动了传统油漆技术的新发展.
Abstract：Intheearly20thcentury,asWesternmodernizationandthepaintingindustryrapidlyprogressed,theworldsituationbegantoinfluenceboththeapplicationandrawmaterialsoftraditionalChinesepainttechnology.Consequently,theadvancementofthepaintingindustryemergedasahistoricalinevitability.UsingDaiJiasacasestudy,thispaperoutlineshissignificantcontributionsinintroducingandfosteringthedevelopmentandlocalizationofmodernhighereducationinpaintandchemicalengineering.In1909,DaiJigraduatedfromShanghaiHigherIndustrialSchoolandsubsequentlysecuredanopportunitytostudyabroadintheUnitedStates.HewasadmittedtotheUniversityofMainetopursuechemistry.WhilestudyingintheU.S.,heobservedthematurityoftheAmericanpaintindustryandacknowledgedthelaginChina'spaintsector.Motivated,heappliedforastudyopportunityattheprestigiousMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologytodelvedeeperintothedevelopmentoftheAmericanpaintindustry.DaiJigraduatedfromtheUniversityofMainein1914andreturnedtoChinawithamission.Uponhisreturn,hewholeheartedlycommittedtomodernizingChinesepaintingandchemicaleducation.Hepublishedpapers,authoredtextbooks,andestablishedprofessionaljournals.Commencingin1917,hejoinedtheBeijingIndustrialSpecializedSchoolasateacherandbeganpublishingscholarlyarticlesonpaintchemistry.DaiJiintroducedWesternknowledgeofpaintchemistrythroughhistextbooksandsoughttowidenhissocialinfluencebyfoundingjournals.HeemphasizedforgingstrongertieswithacademicandindustrialcommunitiesintheU.S.tobolstereducationandindustryinChina'spaintandchemicalsector.In1922,hevisitedtheU.S.toexplorethepaintindustryfurtherandinvitedProfessorTochtoChinaforguidanceandscholarlyexchanges.Additionally,hesentstudentstostudyintheU.S.DaiJialsounderscoredthesymbioticrelationshipbetweenschoolsandfactories,encouragingactiveproductionandparticipationinmarketcompetition.Henurturedacohortofprofessionalandtechnicaltalentsforthemodernpaintindustry,whileactivelyparticipatinginithimself.HismenteesgraduallyenteredpaintfactoriesacrossChina,providinginvaluabletechnicalguidanceandsignificantlycontributingtothegrowthofthemodernChinesepaintindustry.ThispaperencapsulatesDaiJi'sexperiencesbeforeandafterhisstudiesintheU.S.from1909to1936.ItfillsagapinpreviousresearchonDaiJiandthehistoryoftechnologytransferinpaintingengineering.OurstudyunderscoresthepivotalroleofinternationalstudentsinfacilitatingmoderntechnologytransferandindustrialdevelopmentinChina.TheeducationalandindustrialadvancementsinpainthavereducedChina'srelianceonimportedpaintproducts,aligningwiththedemandsofitsmodernindustry.
作者：王文超Author：WangWenchao
作者单位：中共北京市委党校哲学与文化教研部,北京100037
刊名：工程研究-跨学科视野中的工程
Journal：JournalofEngineeringStudies
年，卷(期)：2024, 16(3)
分类号：N91
关键词：戴济 油漆化工 油漆工业 高等教育 技术转移
Keywords：DaiJi paintchemicalindustry paintingindustry highereducation technologytransfer
机标分类号：G642.0TP311.52F424
在线出版日期：2024年6月21日
基金项目：戴济与近代油漆化工教育及实践[
期刊论文] 工程研究-跨学科视野中的工程--2024, 16(3)王文超近代以来,随着西方科学知识传入和大规模的技术转移,诸多行业和技术都呈现出"二元结构"的局面:一方面是传统手工技术和行业文化的传承、维系;另一方面是新知识、新技术带动工业技术兴起,逐渐对原有社会结构和技术体系产生...参考文献和引证文献
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戴济与近代油漆化工教育及实践 Dai Ji's Contribution to Modern Painting Chemical Education and Industrial Development
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