文档名：活性污泥法污水处理技术在上海的早期传入与实践
摘要：20世纪初,上海公共租界工部局为了解决抽水马桶带来的水环境问题,邀请英国化学家福勒来沪进行考察,提出结合活性污泥法的处理方案.文章以活性污泥法污水处理技术传入上海的过程为重点,分析了福勒提出活性污泥法方案的过程,梳理了工程师前往美国、加拿大考察并评估该技术在上海的适用性,探讨了活性污泥法落地上海,建造污水处理实验室的情况.这是活性污泥法首次进入上海,也是第一次传入中国,促进了近代上海的城市现代化建设.活性污泥法在上海的传入,反应了技术移植过程中的常规程序,即提出方案、调研与选择、探索实践模式.活性污泥法的引入,是近代技术进入中国的典型案例.
Abstract：In1917,theShanghaiInternationalSettlement'sMunicipalCouncilinvitedBritishchemistGilbertJohnFowlertoShanghaitoassessthewaterqualityandurbanenvironmentwithinthesettlement.Fowlerproposedawastewatertreatmentsolutionusingtheactivatedsludgeprocess.Afterunderstandingandmasteringtheactivatedsludgetechnology,theMunicipalCouncildecidedtoapplyitintheSettlement.Thearticleusesarchivaldocumentstostudytheintroduction,proposal,research,selection,andexploratorypracticeofwastewatertreatmenttechnologyintheShanghaiInternationalSettlement.Itisdividedintofourmainparts:(1)Theinventionoftheactivatedsludgeprocessisoutlined.In1914,GilbertJohnFowler,alongwithhisstudentsEdwardArdernandWilliamT.Lockett,conductedexperimentsonactivatedsludge,turningwastewaterclearandproducinganitrogen-richsubstance—activatedsludge.(2)Theproposalandselectionofwastewatertreatmentsolutionsarestudied.Thewidespreaduseofflushtoiletsledtoseverewaterenvironmentalproblems.Inresponse,theMunicipalCouncilbeganseekingsolutions.In1918,FowlerwasinvitedtoShanghaibytheCouncil,whereheproposedusingtheactivatedsludgeprocesstoaddressShanghai'swaterissuesbasedonthelocalenvironment.(3)ThesuitabilityoftheactivatedsludgeprocessasexaminedbytheMunicipalCouncilisanalyzed.In1919,followingFowler'sproposal,theCouncil'sboardstudieditsfeasibilityanddispatchedengineerChas.H.Godfreytoresearchtheactivatedsludgeprocess.(4)TheapplicationoftheactivatedsludgeprocessbytheMunicipalCouncilisdiscussed.In1919,theCouncilbegansmall-scaleexperimentswiththeactivatedsludgemethod,constructingfourexperimentalwastewatertreatmentplants.Theexperimentsprovedthattheactivatedsludgeprocesscouldsolvethewastewaterissues,andPercyGauntwashiredasanewsanitarychemisttoworkonwastewatertreatment.Duringthisperiod,theintroductionofwastewatertreatmentmethodsintheShanghaiInternationalSettlementunderwentaprocessofproposal,research,selection,andexploratorypractice.TheintroductionoftheactivatedsludgewastewatertreatmenttechnologybytheMunicipalCouncilisatypicalexampleofWesternadvancedtechnologyenteringmodernChina.Thestudyoftheintroduction,assessment,exploration,andapplicationofWesternwastewatertreatmenttechnologyinShanghaiprovidesamodelfortechnologicalintroductionandreflectsthegeneralcharacteristicsofadvancedtechnologyadoption.However,theimpactoftheactivatedsludgemethodwaslimitedtowithintheSettlement;itsintroductionwasentirelyoperatedbyforeigners,whichhardlyenabledChinesetomasterthetechnology,markingalimitationofthistechnologicalintroduction.
作者：徐子钦 段海龙Author：XuZiqin DuanHailong
作者单位：内蒙古师范大学科学技术史研究院,呼和浩特010022
刊名：工程研究-跨学科视野中的工程
Journal：JournalofEngineeringStudies
年，卷(期)：2024, 16(3)
分类号：T-09
关键词：污水处理 上海公共租界 活性污泥法 技术引进
Keywords：wastewatertreatment Shanghaipublicconcession activatedsludgeprocess technologyintroduction
机标分类号：K295.1D923.42G642.423
在线出版日期：2024年6月21日
基金项目：内蒙古师范大学基本科研业务费专项，内蒙古师范大学研究生科研创新基金资助项目活性污泥法污水处理技术在上海的早期传入与实践[
期刊论文] 工程研究-跨学科视野中的工程--2024, 16(3)徐子钦 段海龙20世纪初,上海公共租界工部局为了解决抽水马桶带来的水环境问题,邀请英国化学家福勒来沪进行考察,提出结合活性污泥法的处理方案.文章以活性污泥法污水处理技术传入上海的过程为重点,分析了福勒提出活性污泥法方案的过...参考文献和引证文献
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