文档名：危害生物安全犯罪刑法立法的理念转型与规范调整
摘要：为控制与防范生物安全风险、统筹发展与安全,应强化危害生物安全犯罪刑法立法的严密性、前瞻性、类型性及体系性.然而,当前我国危害生物安全犯罪刑法立法存在着规制范围不周延、犯罪预防不到位、行为类型化不足及规定过于零散等问题,难以有效遏制危害生物安全犯罪.对此,应立足我国刑法立法实际,着眼各类生物安全风险本身的特点和前置法的规定,在预防性刑法观的指导下,调整部分犯罪在刑法分则中的位置,前置刑法介入犯罪的节点并完善相应犯罪的主体、行为方式及法定刑.
Abstract：Whiletherapidchangesinbiotechnologyhavebenefitedmankind,theyhavealsotriggeredbiosecurityrisks.Inordertopreventbiosecurityrisks,coordinatesecurityanddevelopment,andensuretheadaptabilityofthecriminallaw,Chinashouldformulateaninclusive,targeted,andsystematiccriminallawlegislationundertheguidanceoftheprinciplesofriskgovernanceandscientificlegislativeguidelines.Ontheonehand,forthepurposeofimprovingtheuncertaintyofbiosafetyrisksthroughthecertaintyoflegislation,andstrengtheningthenormativeguidanceroleofcriminallaw,attentionsshouldbepaidtotherigorandforward-lookingnatureofthecriminallawlegislationoncrimesendangeringbiosecurity,movingthethresholdofriskmanagementforward,andcarryingoutpreventiveinterventionbeforecertainrisksarerealized.Ontheotherhand,atypologicalmodeofthinkingshouldbeusedtostraightenouttherelationshipamongdifferentcriminalactsendangeringbiosecurity,clarifytherisklevelsofdifferentactsandtreatthemdifferently,screenwhethervarioustypesofcrimesendangeringbiosecuritycanberegulatedbyexistinglegislation,andfinallycarryouttypologicallegislationthroughgeneralizationofsituationswherenewcriminalandpunishmentnormsshouldindeedbeadded.Inaddition,inordertoadapttothecomplexity,uncertainty,andothercharacteristicsofcrimesendangeringbiosecurity,thesystematizationofcriminallawlegislationforcrimesendangeringbiosecurityshouldalsobestrengthened.Specifically,itisnecessarytoensurearigorouslogicalstructurebetweentheinternalprovisionsofthecriminallaw,butalsotomaintaincoordinationandunitybetweenthecriminallawandotherlawssuchasthecivillaw,thebiosecuritylaw,andtheinfectiousdiseasepreventionandcontrollaw.WhenwelookatthecriminallawofChinarationally,wewillfindthattheexistingprovisionscancurbcrimesendangeringbiosecuritytoacertainextent.However,onthewhole,itbelongstoanemergencylegislation.Thiskindoflegislationoverlooksthepreventionofrisks,whichinturnleadstoalackofcomprehensiveness,foresight,pertinence,andsystematicityinrelevantlegislation.Theproblemsexistinginthecurrentcriminallawlegislationaremanifestedinthefollowingaspects:1.failuretodesignateunitsasthesubjectofcrimessuchasthecrimeofillegalintroduction,release,anddisposalofinvasivealienspecies,orthecrimeofillegalimplantationgene-editedembryos;2.failuretocriminalizeactsthatposeaseriousdangertosociety,suchastheillegaluseofhumangeneticresourcesinChina,andtheabuseofgeneeditingotherthangene-editedembryosimplantedintohumanoranimalbodies;3.failuretoeffectivelypreventhigh-riskcrimesendangeringbiosecurity,suchasreproductivecloningandrelatedcrimes,andcrimesendangeringthebiosafetyofpathogenicmicroorganismsinlaboratories;4.failuretodistinguishbetweentherisksoftheabuseofcloningtechnologyandtheabuseofgeneeditingtechnology;5.failuretomaketypifiedregulationsforinfectiousdiseasepreventionandcontrolcrimesbytakingadvantageofduty;6.failuretoaccuratelylocatethepositionofcrimessuchasthecrimeofillegalcollectionandsmugglingofgeneticresources,thecrimeofcausingthespreadofinfectiousdiseasestrainsandvirusesinthecriminallawsystem;7.failuretocoordinatewiththeprovisionsofthebiosecuritylaw,theinfectiousdiseasepreventionandcontrollaw,etc.Basedontheresponsetotheactualneedsofpreservingbiosecurityandnationalsecurity,relevantresponsemeasuresshouldbetakenbasedonthecurrentlegislativeprovisionsofthecriminallawofChina,focusingonthecharacteristicsofeachtypeofbiosecurityriskitselfandtheprovisionsoftheprecedentlaw,andundertheguidanceoftheconceptofpreventivecriminallaw,theprincipleofunityoflawandorder,andtheprincipleofbalancebetweencrimeandpunishment.Firstly,ingeneral,accordingtothenatureofthecrime,thecentralactsofcrimeswillbeconcentratedinthechapteroncrimesendangeringpublicsecurity.However,itisalsonecessarytotakeintoaccounttheconnectionbetweenspecificcrimes,andmarginalbehaviorsshouldbeseparatedandregulatedinotherchapters.Forexample,theactofillegalprovisionofbiosafetyinformationthatbelongstostatesecretsoverseaswillbestipulatedinthechaptersoncrimesendangeringnationalsecurity,andtheactofabuseofgeneeditingtechnology,illegalintroduction,release,anddisposalofinvasivealienspecieswillbestipulatedinthesectionofcrimesendangeringpublichealth.Secondly,basedonfactorssuchastheurgencyofthedangercausedbythecriminalactendangeringbiosecurity,theprobabilityoftheactualharmoccurring,andthemagnitudeoftheharmcaused,setupabstractdangerousoffendersforreproductivecloningandrelatedcrimes,andspecificdangerousoffendersforcrimesendangeringthesafetyofpathogenicmicrobiologylaboratories.Thirdly,unitsshouldbedesignatedasthesubjectofcrimessuchasthecrimeofillegalimplantationgene-editedembryos.Atthesametime,theillegaluseofhumangeneticresourcesinChinaandtheabuseofgeneeditingbeyondtheimplantationofgeneeditingintohumanoranimalfetusesshallbecriminalizedtofilltheloopholesincriminalpenalties.
作者：李阳阳Author：LIYangyang
作者单位：烟台大学法学院,山东烟台264010
刊名：重庆理工大学学报
Journal：JournalofChongqingInstituteofTechnology
年，卷(期)：2024, 38(2)
分类号：D914
关键词：生物安全 预防性刑法观 规范体系
Keywords：biosecurity preventivepositivecriminallawview normativesystem
机标分类号：D9G642C913.7
在线出版日期：2024年2月29日
基金项目：山东省人文社会科学课题，山东省社会科学规划项目，法治山东理论与实务重大课题危害生物安全犯罪刑法立法的理念转型与规范调整[
期刊论文] 重庆理工大学学报--2024, 38(2)李阳阳为控制与防范生物安全风险、统筹发展与安全,应强化危害生物安全犯罪刑法立法的严密性、前瞻性、类型性及体系性.然而,当前我国危害生物安全犯罪刑法立法存在着规制范围不周延、犯罪预防不到位、行为类型化不足及规定过于零散...参考文献和引证文献
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危害生物安全犯罪刑法立法的理念转型与规范调整 The concept transformation and regulation adjustment of criminal law legislation of crimes endangering biosecurity
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