文档名：中国嫦娥探月工程的实践历程与创新初探
摘要：嫦娥探月工程在中国建设航天强国征程中是重要里程碑,是中国航天的第三个里程碑,是国家综合实力的体现.本文通过梳理嫦娥探月工程的实践历程,分析了嫦娥探月工程决策的背景、各阶段建设过程中体现的特点,重点探讨了嫦娥探月工程"三步走"战略的形成背景及各阶段创新之处,对嫦娥探月工程中涉及的工程、技术与管理创新进行了初步探讨.嫦娥探月工程开创的三级组织体系、多主体决策、第三方前置风险评估、科技创新与科学普及协同发展等立足于科技自立自强,为未来重大工程实施提供了参考借鉴.
Abstract：China'sChang'eLunarProjectisanimportantmilestoneinmakingChinastrongerintheaerospacesector.ThispapercombsthroughthedevelopmenthistoryofChina'sChang'eLunarProject,analyzesthebackgroundofChina'sChang'eLunarProject'sdecision-making,thecharacteristicsembodiedineachstageoftheconstructionprocess,focusesontheformationprocessandinnovationsofChina'sChang'eLunarProject's"three-step"developmentstrategy,andconductsapreliminarydiscussionontheengineering,technological,andmanagementinnovationsembodiedinthedevelopmentofChina'sChang'eLunarProject.The"three-step"developmentstrategyisbasedoncomplexanddiversefactorssuchastheinherentlawsoflunarexplorationactivitiesandthedevelopmentandchangesoftheinternationalanddomesticsituation.Differentfromothersatelliteprojects,China'sChang'eLunarProjectneedstobalancecostandrisk.Duringthespecificimplementation,theprojectisplannedatdifferentlevels.Forexample,thethree-stepstrategyisformulatedfirst.Secondly,specificmissionsaresubdividedandreplanned.Forinstance,thesecondphaseofthelunarexplorationprojectisdividedintotwomissions,Chang'e-2andChang'e-3.Chang'e-2servesastheflagshipmissionofthesecondphaseoftheproject,andChang'e-3istheprimarymissionofthesecondphase.Progressoccurssteadilyasplanned,witheachstepbuildingupontheresultsofthepreviousone,andeffortsaremadetoconsistentlysurpassanddeepenthepreviousstepduringimplementation,thuslayingasolidfoundationforthenextstep.Apreliminarydiscussionwasconductedontheengineering,technology,andmanagementinnovationsinvolvedinChina'sChang'eLunarProject.Thethree-levelorganizationalsystem,multi-subjectdecision-making,third-partypre-riskassessment,coordinateddevelopmentofscientificandtechnologicalinnovation,andscientificpopularizationcreatedbyChina'sChang'eLunarProjectarebasedonscientificandtechnologicalself-relianceandprovideareferencefortheimplementationoffuturemajorprojects.ByreviewingChina'sChang'eLunarProject,wecangainthefollowinginsights:First,thestrategichigh-techfieldisbasedonself-relianceandachievedthroughscienceandtechnology.China'sChang'eLunarProjecthasinnovatedandbrokenthroughmanykeytechnologiesthroughself-reliance,achievinglunarexplorationonitsownstrength.Second,leveragingtheadvantagesofthenationwidesystemstronglysupportsthesmoothimplementationofChina'sChang'eLunarProject.Theprojectcoversawiderangeofareasandislarge-scale.Itoperatesundertheunifiedleadershipofthecentralgovernmentandinvolvesmorethan2000nationalmilitary-industrialenterprises,universities,andscientificresearchinstitutes.Thismobilizesmarketvitalityandattractstheparticipationofadvantageousprivateenterprises.Third,complexity,integrity,systematicintegration,andinnovation,aswellascomplexmultidisciplinaryhigh-techintegration,arecharacteristicsofChina'sChang'eLunarProject.Fourth,thelunarexplorationprojectaimsforoveralloptimization,completingtheprojectwiththeconceptofpursuingeconomical,reliable,safe,effective,andmaturetechnology,focusingonbasicinnovationandtheapplicationofmultidisciplinaryknowledge,andoptimizingtasksinstageswithmultipleobjectives.Employingabottom-lineapproachtodealwithhighrisksinvolvesevaluatingvariouspotentialrisks,formulatingplansandbackupplans,andmakingeveryefforttoensuremissionsuccess.Choosingmaturetechnologieshelpsreduceriskinvestmentandshortenthecycle.Fifth,theformulationofdevelopmentstrategiessuitablefornationalconditionsisparticularlyimportantformajorprojects.Sixth,multi-subjectdecision-makinginmajorprojectdemonstrationscanachieveoptimalbenefits.Theaerospacedepartment,financialdepartment,technicaldepartment,evaluationteam,andleadershipgroupmakedecisionsfrommultipleperspectives,reportforapproval,andinitiateprojectdevelopment.Theentireprocessinvolvesdifferentdecision-makinglayersanddifferentlevelsofoptimizeddesign,thusformingamulti-subjectargument.
作者：王晶金 李成智 Author：WangJingjin LiChengzhi
作者单位：北京航空航天大学人文与社会科学高等研究院,北京100191北京航空航天大学人文与社会科学高等研究院,北京100191;北京航空航天大学杭州国际创新研究院,杭州310000
刊名：工程研究-跨学科视野中的工程
Journal：JournalofEngineeringStudies
年，卷(期)：2024, 16(3)
分类号：V11N91
关键词：嫦娥探月工程 工程创新 航天史
Keywords：Chang'eLunarProject engineeringinnovation aerospacehistory
机标分类号：F270.7C962V474
在线出版日期：2024年6月21日
基金项目：国家社会科学基金，中国科学院自然科学史研究所十四五重大项目中国嫦娥探月工程的实践历程与创新初探[
期刊论文] 工程研究-跨学科视野中的工程--2024, 16(3)王晶金 李成智嫦娥探月工程在中国建设航天强国征程中是重要里程碑,是中国航天的第三个里程碑,是国家综合实力的体现.本文通过梳理嫦娥探月工程的实践历程,分析了嫦娥探月工程决策的背景、各阶段建设过程中体现的特点,重点探讨了嫦娥探...参考文献和引证文献
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