文档名：中国节水政策变迁研究——基于19492022年政策文本的分析
摘要：运用文本分析工具TM6.0对1949-2022年的143份中国节水政策文本进行量化研究,探析中国节水政策变迁的历史轨迹和内在逻辑.研究表明,中国节水政策分为萌芽期、起步期、加速期和深化期四个阶段,逐渐形成集水情教育、节水技术操作以及多种节水制度机制创新于一体的系统化节水政策体系;纵观中国节水政策的演进,政策内容从注重城市节水到全面系统节水,政策目标从注重节约用水量到提升用水效率再到绿色节水转变,政策的价值取向从开源与节流并重向节水优先的治水战略转变.建议今后进一步完善制度建设,注重对节水政策执行效果的评价,不断具体化和量化评价指标相关内容,以提升节水政策实效.
Abstract：Asawater-scarcecountry,Chinafacesagrowingcontradictionbetweenwatersupplyanddemandduetothecontinuousprogressofnewindustrializationandurbanization.Foraconsiderablylongperiodinthefuture,thischallengemaybecomeevenmorepronounced.Waterconservationisaninevitablerequirementbasedonournationalandwaterconditions,andisthefundamentalsolutiontowaterscarcity,holdingsignificanceforthesocialistmodernizationandsustainabledevelopmentoftheChinesenation.TheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyandtheStateCouncilhighlyprioritizewaterconservationefforts,havingadoptedaseriesofwater-savingpoliciesandmeasurestovigorouslypromotewaterconservationacrosssociety.Thewaterconservationpolicytextsselectedinthisstudyaresourcedfrompubliclyavailabledataanddocuments,adheringtotheprinciplesofauthoritativeness,effectiveness,relevance,anduniqueness.Theselectionofpolicytextsunderwenttwosteps.TheinitialsearchwasconductedonJan.12th,2023,throughtheofficialwebsitesofChina'scentralgovernmentdepartmentsandthePekingUniversityLawDatabase.Thissearchyieldedatotalof174waterconservationpolicytextspromulgatedatthenationallevelfrom1949to2022.Toensurethatthepolicytextswerecloselyrelatedtowaterconservationactivities,eachpolicydocumentwasreadcarefully.Onlythosewithhighrelevance,directlystipulatingandreflectingspecificwaterconservationmeasures,wereretained.Policytextsthatonlyexpressedthegovernment'sattitudetowardswaterconservationwereexcluded.Ultimately,143policytextswereselectedforthisstudy.Thispaperemploysaquantitativeresearchmethodologybasedonpolicytextanalysis,usingtheTextMiningsoftwareTM6.0toconductaquantitativestudyof143waterconservationpolicydocumentsfromChinaspanning1949to2022.ItexploresthehistoricaltrajectoryandunderlyinglogicoftheevolutionofChina'swaterconservationpolicies,offeringinsightsforthefuturedevelopmentofsuchpolicies.ThestudyfindsthatChinesewaterconservationpoliciescanbecategorizedintofourstages:embryonic,initial,acceleration,anddeepeningperiods.From1949to1988,China'swaterconservationpolicywasinitsembryonicstage,incorporatingbasicwater-savingconcepts,althoughlackinginsystematicapproaches,itlaidthegroundworkforsubsequentpolicydevelopmentandrefinement.Duringtheinitialstagefrom1989to1996,thegovernmentstrengthenedinvestmentandmanagementinwaterconservation,formallyestablishedtheownershipandrightstowaterresources,andintroducedlegalorder,markingasteadyprogressinwaterconservationpolicies.From1997to2013,thescopeofwaterconservationpolicieswascontinuouslyexpanded,andtherewasasignificantincreaseinquantityandtypes,withafocusonwateruseefficiencyandqualitystandards,enteringanaccelerateddevelopmentperiod.Intheperiodfrom2014to2022,waterconservationpoliciesenteredthedeepeningstage;notonlydidthenumberofpoliciessurge,buttheirgoalsandcontentwerealsomorealignedwiththeconceptofecologicalcivilization.Gradually,asystematicwaterconservationpolicysystemformed,integratingwatereducation,water-savingtechnologicaloperations,andinnovationsofvariouswater-savinginstitutionalmechanisms.ReviewingtheevolutionofChina'swaterconservationpolicies,thefocushasshiftedfromurbanwatersavingtocomprehensivesystematicwaterconservation,fromprioritizingwaterquantitytoimprovingwateruseefficiency,andultimatelytogreenwaterconservationstrategies.Thepolicyvalueshavetransitionedfromequalemphasisonbothexpandingsourcesandreducingexpensestoprioritizingwaterconservationinwaterresourcemanagementstrategies.Movingforward,thereshouldbeactiveimprovementininstitutionalconstruction,withattentionpaidtoevaluatingtheeffectivenessofwaterconservationpolicies.Itisnecessarytofurtherspecifyandquantifyevaluationindicatorstoenhancetheeffectivenessofwaterconservationpolicies.
作者：赵媛 仪德刚 崔绍波 庞文强 Author：ZhaoYuan YiDegang CuiShaobo PangWenqiang
作者单位：内蒙古师范大学科学技术史研究院,呼和浩特010022;内蒙古工业大学经济管理学院,呼和浩特010051东华大学人文学院,上海200051包头市水利事业发展中心,包头014000巴彦淖尔市现代农牧事业发展中心,巴彦淖尔015000
刊名：工程研究-跨学科视野中的工程
Journal：JournalofEngineeringStudies
年，卷(期)：2024, 16(3)
分类号：X323N91
关键词：中国节水政策 政策文本 政策变迁
Keywords：China'swater-savingpolicy policytext policychange
机标分类号：F84H319.3TV213.4
在线出版日期：2024年6月21日
基金项目：中国节水政策变迁研究——基于1949-2022年政策文本的分析[
期刊论文] 工程研究-跨学科视野中的工程--2024, 16(3)赵媛 仪德刚 崔绍波 庞文强运用文本分析工具TM6.0对1949-2022年的143份中国节水政策文本进行量化研究,探析中国节水政策变迁的历史轨迹和内在逻辑.研究表明,中国节水政策分为萌芽期、起步期、加速期和深化期四个阶段,逐渐形成集水情教育、节水技术操...参考文献和引证文献
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