文档摘要：地磁暴期间,电网中的变压器受到地磁感应电流(GIC)影响而导致无功损耗会显著增大,这种不确定的、突发群发的无功扰动会引发电网电压波动.超高压、特高压电网由于其特殊的电气特性更容易受到地磁暴的侵害,造成电压跌落至不合格区间甚至引发电压崩溃而导致大规模停电.该文以地球三维磁流体力学(MHD)模型预测的地磁扰动(GMD)为基础,采用模型预测控制(MPC)方法修正MHD模型计算的无功扰动并调整可控主导节点的注入功率进行优化调度,平抑地磁暴期间超高压、特高压电网电压波动.该文还以华东超高压、特高压电网为算例,仿真对比了特大地磁暴发生期间电网实施优化调度前后的电压波动,并提出了波动率指标验证了所提方法的有效性,为保证地磁暴期间的电压稳定性和合格率提供了指导.
Abstract：Geomagneticstormsoriginatefromthegeomagneticdisturbances(GMD)causedbytheintensesolaractivity,andtheGMDwillinducegeomagneticinductioncurrents(GIC)whenitisappliedtothegrid.Asthegeomagneticstormscausedbysolaractivityoccuralmostatthesametimearoundtheworld,thereactivepowerdisturbancecausedbygeomagneticstormshasthecharacteristicsofsuddenandmassoccurrenceinthewholegrid.Theextra-highvoltage(EHV)andtheultra-highvoltage(UHV)powergridsaremorevulnerabletogeomagneticstormsduetotheirspecialelectricalcharacteristics,whichcancausevoltagefluctuationsinthewholegridandevenleadtovoltagecollapseandcatastrophicconsequencesoflarge-scalepoweroutages.Thetraditionalmethodsgenerallyusethemethodofconnectingresistorsorcapacitorsinseriesattheneutralpointofthetransformer,butthesemethodsarenotfullyadaptedtosmoothingthevoltagefluctuationsofthegrid.Inrecentyears,withthedevelopmentoftheoriesrelatedtogeophysicsandspaceweather,thethree-dimensionalmagnetohydrodynamics(MHD)modelhasbeenabletopredicttheGMDofgeomagneticstormsmoreaccurately.ThispaperproposesanoptimaldispatchbasedontheMHDmodeltosmoothoutvoltagefluctuationsinEHVandUHVgridsduringgeomagneticstorms.TheEHVandUHVgridsachievevoltagecontrolbyadjustingtheinjectedpowerfromtheEHVgridstotheUHVgrids.Inthispaper,thesequenceofinjectedpowerchangeamountofcontrollablepilotnodesiscalculatedfromthevoltage-powersensitivityfactor.Tocopewiththeadverseeffectscausedbyforecasterrors,rollingoptimizationisperformedincertainsteps,andonlycontrolcommandsforthecurrentoptimizationperiodaresenteachtime,insteadofallperiods.Andcomparingthedifferencebetweenthephasormeasurementunit(PMU)measuredreactivepowerincrementandthehistoricalpredictedvalue,andcorrectingthepredictedvalueoftheMHDmodelinthecurrentoptimizationperiod.Bythisway,afeedbackmechanismisformedthroughrollingoptimizationandfeedbackcorrectiontoimprovetheeffectivenessofoptimaldispatch.Comparedwithtraditionalmethods,theproposedmethodissaferandmoreeconomicalasnonewequipmentisrequired.ThroughthesimulationanalysisandverificationoftheEasternChinaEHVandUHVpowergrids,thefollowingconclusionsareobtained:(l)TheproposedoptimaldispatchschedulingcoordinatestheactiveandreactiveresourcesintheEHVandUHVgrids,effectivelysuppressingvoltagefluctuationsduringgeomagneticstorms,reducingtheseverityofvoltagefluctuationsandsmoothingthetrendofvoltagefluctuations.(2)Atthetimeofgeomagneticstormsuddencommencement(SSC),thesuddenandmassreactivedisturbancestendtoexceedthesubstationreactivepowermargincausingreactivepowerimbalanceandvoltagedip.Byreducingactivepowerinjection,thesystemvoltagestabilitycanbeimprovedandsecondarydisastersofgeomagneticstormsuchasvoltagecollapsecanbeprevented.(3)Thenodesatthecornersorendsofthegridtopologyarethe"weakpoints"ofreactivepowerimbalance,andthereactivepowerreservesatthesesubstationsshouldbeincreasedappropriatelyintheplanninganddesignstagetoimprovethegrid'sabilitytocopewithgeomagneticstorms.
作者：辛文凯 王泽忠 刘春明 王古玥 Author：XinWenkai WangZezhong LiuChunming WangGuyue
作者单位：高电压与电磁兼容北京市重点实验室(华北电力大学)北京102206华北电力大学电气与电子工程学院北京102206
刊名：电工技术学报 ISTICEIPKU
Journal：TransactionsofChinaElectrotechnicalSociety
年，卷(期)：2024, 39(13)
分类号：TM712
关键词：地磁暴 地磁感应电流 电压波动 磁流体力学 无功扰动
Keywords：Geomagneticstorm geomagneticinducedcurrent(GIC) voltagefluctuation magneto-hydrodynamics(MHD) reactivedisturbance
机标分类号：TM741TM614O361.3
在线出版日期：2024年7月22日
基金项目：国家自然科学基金基于磁流体力学模型与模型预测控制的地磁暴期间超高压、特高压电网电压波动平抑优化调度[
期刊论文] 电工技术学报--2024, 39(13)辛文凯 王泽忠 刘春明 王古玥地磁暴期间,电网中的变压器受到地磁感应电流(GIC)影响而导致无功损耗会显著增大,这种不确定的、突发群发的无功扰动会引发电网电压波动.超高压、特高压电网由于其特殊的电气特性更容易受到地磁暴的侵害,造成电压跌落至不...参考文献和引证文献
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关键词：地磁暴,地磁感应电流,电压波动,磁流体力学,无功扰动,
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